Realism vs. Morality: Machiavelli argues that a ruler must prioritize the stability of the state over personal or religious morality, suggesting that "the ends justify the means".
Feared vs. Loved: In one of the book's most famous passages, he concludes that while it is ideal to be both, it is safer for a prince to be feared than loved, as love is fickle while fear is maintained by the dread of punishment.
Virtù and Fortuna: He examines the relationship between a leader's individual skill or prowess (virtù) and the unpredictable forces of chance (fortuna).
The Fox and the Lion: A prince must possess the cunning of a fox to recognize traps and the strength of a lion to frighten wolves