Sediment Filter: The first stage catches physical particles like dirt, sand, rust, and silt.Activated Carbon Filter: The second stage removes chlorine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and unpleasant tastes or odors.Polishing or UV Filter: The third stage can be a carbon block filter (for final polishing), a heavy metal reduction filter, or an ultraviolet (UV) lamp that sterilizes microorganisms like bacteria and parasites