Networking fundamentals & reconnaissance
skills: tcp/ip, dns, http/s, subnetting, packet analysis (wireshark).
linux/cli proficiency
skills: bash scripting, file permissions, process management, logging.
web application attacks (owasp top 10)
skills: sqli, xss, csrf, idor, insecure file uploads.
password cracking & authentication bypass
skills: hash identification, dictionary/brute-force attacks, rainbow tables.
wireless network hacking
skills: wi-fi encryption (wep/wpa/wpa3), deauthentication attacks, rogue aps.
social engineering & phishing
skills: email spoofing, pretexting, baiting.
privilege escalation (linux/windows)
skills: kernel exploits, misconfigurations (sudoers, writable services), token impersonation.